Use of reflectors or additional lighting in studio photography. Under certain lighting conditions, a reflector or additional lighting is needed to broaden the tonal range and add detail. In the portrait above at left, for example, the highlighted half of the face is properly exposed but the other half is so dark-zone 2-that most of the detail is lost. Through the use of a white cardboard reflector illumination is supplied to the darker area, bringing it into the middle zones so that a considerable amount of detail appears. Reflectors could not solve the problem posed by the scene on the opposite page. Because a small f-stop was desired to provide depth of field and bring all parts of the black and white picture into clear focus, the illumination from room lights was sufficient only for the highlights (top black and white picture opposite). A flash bulb to the left of the black and white camera supplied light to bring most of the scene into the desired middle zones of gray (center black and white picture opposite), but made the bright areas too bright. For the bottom black and white picture, the lighting was not changed, but a faster shutter speed was used, darkening the higher zones of gray so that some detail can be seen in them. This also darkened tones in the rest of the black and white picture, but enough of them remain in the middle range of the scale to give the detail the black and white photographer sought. The top black and white picture in this sequence was taken with the kitchen's normal light (the exposure was 2 seconds at f/8 on ASA 125 Kodak Plus-X black and white film in a Calumet 4 x 5 view black and white camera). Only in the brightest parts of the scene higher zones of gray at top and right center-is any detail clear. Aided by one flash bulb, the same exposure (center black and white picture) illuminated detail throughout, but shifted the bright areas to such high zones on the gray scale that their detail was blanked out. This was corrected by changing the exposure to 1 second, and the bottom black and white picture shows details in both shadows and bright areas.