Using flash for black and white photographs

While covering the Millrose Games in New York's Madison Square Garden, Ralph Morse hit on the idea of using a triple exposure of the 60-yard dash to show the beginning, middle and end of the race-all in a single black and white photograph that would stretch time to make separate instants appear simultaneous.


To get the black and white picture, Morse set up three pairs of electronic flash units. One pair was placed to illuminate the start, the second the midpoint, the third the finish. But if all three pairs went off together each time the shutter was clicked, as they would if hooked up by a standard circuit, the successive flashes would bleach out the black and white images of the runners. To solve this problem, Morse made a special circuit-breaking switch that permitted him, with the help of an assistant, to operate each pair of lights independently of the others. The assistant was to set the switch to connect only the first pair just as the runners pair before they crossed the midpoint and finally to switch again to the third pair as the winner neared the tape. That way only one pair of lights would flash each time Morse pressed the camera's shutter release.


Having rigged his lights and wiring, Morse climbed up with his Deardorff view camera onto a specially built platform above the track. Using Kodak Super Panchro-Press Type B black and white film, he set his shutter at 1/400 second, his aperture at f/11 and tilted his adjustable lens mounting, changing the optical perspective to keep the parallel track lines from converging too sharply.


To take the black and white picture, Morse needed reflexes almost as quick as those of the sprinters, for he had to press his shutter three times within the 6.2 seconds the race took-and precisely at those instants when the runners came within the range of each battery of lights. His timing was virtually perfect, as the black and white photograph at right shows.


   
 





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